Mario Carlón 118 these facts have all kinds of effects: a government makes certain decisions; another reacts in this or that way; both, of course, will use the media so that their actions become social events. After the media have produced them, social events begin to have multiple existences outside the media: they are tak- en up infinitely in the words of social actors, words that are not ‘media.’ That is why certain reality is our reality, that is, inter-subjective (IV-V). Third, the analysis dealt with the “production of mean- ing” as it appears in Umberto Eco’s (1994 [1983], 1995 [1968]) studies of royal wedding ceremonies. Or, at most, of the “reception” given that the nineties were years of the reception turn3 (DE CHEVEIGNÉ, 2017). And fourthly, as a product of both the validity of modern thought (SCHAEFFER, 2007) as an important postmodern development, the analyzes of events were mainly anthropocen- tric. The following briefly quotes an emblematic analysis of television broadcasts at the time, based on a core notion shared by both film and television studies, that of “mise-en-scène,” which even suggests the dominance of institutions over nature, will al- low us to corroborate what we are pointing out. Says Umberto Eco (1983) in “TV: the lost transparency”: […] in the last decade, direct has undergone radi- cal changes regarding the staging: from papal ceremonies to numerous political or spectacular events, we know that such events would not have been conceived as they were without the presence of the cameras of TV. We have come closer and closer to a predisposition of the natural event for television transmission (p. 215). Now, well, all this scenario has changed in the last two decades because, in these four areas there have been substantial 3 There is a set of emblematic investigations of the time, mainly developed in Europe and discussed in Latin America (we cite only a few: MORLEY (1996), DAYAN and KATZ (1995 [1992], KATZ and LIEBES (1997), etc.]. But reception analysis, especially in Latin America, were rare because they were expensive and difficult to conduct.
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