The theoretical-methodological problematization in circulation and platform research 211 to another branch that refers to “social media”. Returning to the texts and contexts in which these messages were circulated and published, it can be seen that the reports repeatedly emphasized that the false messages were produced with the aim of being circulated in places other than mainstream journalism or the mass media, but rather in the characteristic dispersion of the plat- forms, whether on social media networks or in the Underground (Carlón, 2021). The texts of the reports also reaffirmed the role of journalism in conveying reliable and verifiable information. In this case, focusing only on what journalism verifies, by analyzing the news reports, could miss clues and marks of the circulatory processes that allow us to observe the tactics and communication practices of different collectives. The ways in which these messages were posted and organized to circu- late within the Underground refer us to the complex discur- sive exchanges between the social actors that are part of these collectives. 4. Official presidential speeches and live broadcasts The other case is an analysis of the presidential speeches made during the first moment of the pandemic, from March 2020 to May 2021 (Medeiros et al., 2021). A total of 18 state- ments related to the pandemic9 theme was analyzed and published on the Federal Government’s10 website under the section “Follow Planalto”. With the data processing, a word cloud was generated, where the word “Brasil” (Brazil) appears most fre- quently, and verbs such as “falar” (speak), “querer” (want), “dizer” (say), and the word “ministro” (minister) stand out. 9 As a criteria for selection, we selected all the speeches that were related to and mentioned keywords such as: pandemic, COVID-19, coronavirus, vaccination, and isolation. 10 https://www.gov.br/planalto/pt-br/acompanhe-o-planalto/discursos. On the website, you can find the speeches and pronouncements made by the President of the Republic since his inauguration in January 2019.
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