Perspectives and questions on the advent of cultural and information platforms 33 1. If the term is old, it was used in completely different senses (related to planning, geography, or political and trade union life). Apparently, it is the management economists, notably Andrei Hagiu, who seem to have been among the first ones, just over ten years ago, to be interested in the term, particularly to consider the activity of workers in the digital economy, as well as sharing (in other words, the shared economy), both made possible by new digital resources. To this strictly managerial perspective were added works relating to politi- cal philosophy, notably those well known by Nick Srnicek on "platform capitalism", as well as Patrice Flichy's proposals describing new forms of work and focusing on showing that individualism is now increasingly connected to technology. 2. It is important to note that platforms do not arise ex nihilo; the activities they perform and "organize" correspond very precisely to activities that have already been organized before (for some sometimes a century ago), in the context of which we have des- ignated them (cf. Miège, 2015) as logics of social infocommunication; thus, the PF mobilizes more particularly the following social logics that should be recalled here without being able to detail their modalities: • Informationalization, a process today more commonly referred to by the more restrictive term datafication; • Individualization and strong differentiation of (communicational, informative and cultural) practices; • The progressive transnationalization of cultural and information products; • Correlatively, thegrowing industrializationof cul- ture, information and especially communication; • Leading to a strengthened, but still conflictual articulation between industries, networks, ma-
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