Bernard Miège 34 terials and content – favored (accelerated) by the widespread use of digital techniques; • And, finally, the increasingly observable pri- macy of the intermediation function, very likely to be included in the appropriation of the value produced (many authors have insisted on this fundamental aspect, but without being able to give a quantified estimate). 3. As widespread as it is today, the algorithmic pro- cessing of producer/consumer, seller/customer relations, as well as managers/directed, elected/ voters, managers/participants, is not open to ques- tioning and criticism, the main ones being: • The secrecy of the procedures, the absence of recognized ethical rules and the non-pub- lication and discussion of the results (even more than before, with the classic marketing techniques). • Another observation should be added: during periods of sanitary confinement, the large dominant platforms have been able to skillfully offer their stocks of audiovisual products (as well as new films produced quickly) and to bet on changes in uses (moving towards non-linear television consumption) in order to quickly gain market shares. This strategy, as three au- thors point out, "[...] perhaps leads to an overes- timation of their influence in the media ecosystem. It would therefore be important to docu- ment the production and consumption prac- tices that characterize other video-on-demand platforms" (Thoër, Boisvert & Niemeyer, 2022, p. 30). Let us add that this observation can cer- tainly be extended to most of the products of the different sectors of the cultural industry. • The monopolization and processing of data by groups and companies, as well as by States, in a monopoly situation, as is reflected, for instance,
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